See kynde in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kin'"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kynd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nature"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynd"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kundi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kundi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kinþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kinþiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the oblique cases of Old English cynd, ġecynd, from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from *kund-, oblique stem of Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from *ǵn̥h₁-t-, oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Compare kyn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kyndes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynden",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kind",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝekinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "keende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "kuynden",
"pl2_qual": "West Midlands"
},
"expansion": "kynde (plural kyndes or (West Midlands) kuynden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gavelkynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndehede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mankynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wommankynde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The intrinsic nature or character of something."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-eX7whk0b",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"intrinsic",
"intrinsic"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The natural instincts or sentiments of humankind."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-5eDUWV88",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
],
[
"sentiment",
"sentiment"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
322,
327
]
],
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “vij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:",
"text": "And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede /[…]/ and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The temperament or personality of a particular creature or person."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun--uxbYfvj",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"temperament",
"temperament"
],
[
"personality",
"personality"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"An (especially inherent) attribute, behaviour, or habit"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-4Bc9tC56",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent#English"
],
[
"attribute",
"attribute"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"An (especially inherent) attribute, behaviour, or habit:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 64 2 1 1 4 0 0 0 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"Appearance, form, or shape."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-~~4KWMw4",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"Appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forme"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "enm:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"Constitution, substance, or regenerative capacity."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-BZvJqTr3",
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"Constitution",
"constitution"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"regenerative",
"regenerative"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 2 1 7 1 4 1 2 3 1 4 6 4 4 4 4 13 2 15 3 6 7 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 12 14 9 9 9 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "enm:Family",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Humankind, humanity."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-48eOx7fF",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Humankind",
"humankind"
],
[
"humanity",
"humanity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 61 4 1 1 1 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "enm:Genitalia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Sex, gender, or less commonly, that indicative of it (i.e. genitalia or semen)."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-R1md2Cym",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Sex",
"sex"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia#English"
],
[
"semen",
"semen#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 3 2 2 2 8 2 5 1 3 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 2 12 2 3 3 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 1 1 2 1 7 2 5 2 2 1 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 1 12 2 5 5 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 0 1 2 1 9 1 5 1 2 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 2 14 2 3 3 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 2 1 7 1 4 1 2 3 1 4 6 4 4 4 4 13 2 15 3 6 7 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 66 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gender",
"orig": "enm:Gender",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 3 1 3 5 2 2 2 2 3 5 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 3 21 2 2 2 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "enm:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 8 3 3 3 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Grammatical gender."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-DHOHDa-X",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"(rare, Late Middle English) Grammatical gender."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
41,
49
]
],
"english": "Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Dedication]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 3, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Nu broþerr Ƿallꞇ͛. broþerͬ min. Affꞇ͛ þe flæsheſſ kĩde⹎ ⁊ broþerͬ mın ı crıſſtenndom. Þurrh fulluhht⹎ ⁊ þurrh troꟕþe⹎ ⁊ broþerr mın ı ꟑodeſſ huſ […]",
"translation": "Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-dmd3dErJ",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"One's parents or ancestors; lineage, ancestry."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-E1u~BqLu",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"parent",
"parent"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"ancestry",
"ancestry"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 2 5 2 4 2 2 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 1 10 1 3 27 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Children",
"orig": "enm:Children",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"One's children or descendants; progeny."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-nNzKwA8S",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"children",
"children"
],
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
],
[
"progeny",
"progeny"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 8 3 3 3 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"Inheritance; inherited property or rank."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-GMM67ZCe",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"Inheritance",
"inheritance"
],
[
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The natural universe; nature (often personified)"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-noun-sF6YDLol",
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkyːnd(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛnd(ə)/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9"
}
],
"word": "kynde"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kin'"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kynd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "natural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynde",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English cynde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynde"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English cynde",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecynd",
"3": "-e",
"id2": "adjectival",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix"
},
"expansion": "ġecynd + -e (adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English cynde, ġecynde, from cynd, ġecynd + -e (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kind",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "i-cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyndenesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unkynde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 8 3 3 3 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Innate, intrinsic, intuitive."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-U1x0eyCU",
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Innate",
"innate"
],
[
"intrinsic",
"intrinsic"
],
[
"intuitive",
"intuitive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Native, autochthonous, belonging by birth."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-aXAhEBLt",
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Native",
"native"
],
[
"autochthonous",
"autochthonous"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"birth",
"birth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Ordained, customary."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-1RaOCoqM",
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Ordained",
"ordained"
],
[
"customary",
"customary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"(rare) Ordained, customary."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Genuine, true, pure:",
"Total, utter, perfect (with a depreciatory noun)"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-Cq75enyp",
"links": [
[
"Genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"Total",
"total"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"perfect",
"perfect"
],
[
"depreciatory",
"depreciatory#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Genuine, true, pure:",
"Moral, lawful, rightful (usually of an inheritance)"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-oNrX6vEd",
"links": [
[
"Genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"Moral",
"moral"
],
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"rightful",
"rightful"
],
[
"inheritance",
"inheritance#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Suitable, appropriate; fit for purpose."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-cGuiezle",
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"appropriate",
"appropriate"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Healthy, thriving."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-9zP3O~KW",
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Healthy",
"healthy"
],
[
"thriving",
"thriving"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Close, pleasant, affectionate."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-Q552hnvo",
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
],
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Kind, friendly, generous."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-zi9E6iRe",
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Kind",
"kind"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"generous",
"generous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Behaviourally noble or knightly (i.e. brave, courteous, or loyal)"
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-Z2xQ~l-D",
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"knightly",
"knightly"
],
[
"brave",
"brave#English"
],
[
"courteous",
"courteous#English"
],
[
"loyal",
"loyal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Related; belonging to one's family or people."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-0bnXbAgU",
"links": [
[
"Related",
"related"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 6 7 7 7 7 7 1 13 5 5 4 4 5 4 2 1 4 1 1 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Noble, aristocratic."
],
"id": "en-kynde-enm-adj-AvwmhXAH",
"links": [
[
"Noble",
"noble"
],
[
"aristocratic",
"aristocratic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Noble, aristocratic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkyːnd(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛnd(ə)/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9"
}
],
"word": "kynde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Children",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Gender",
"enm:Genitalia",
"enm:Grammar",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Nature",
"enm:Physiology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kin'"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kynd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nature"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "cynd"
},
"expansion": "Old English cynd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kundi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kundi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kinþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kinþiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénh₁tis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the oblique cases of Old English cynd, ġecynd, from Proto-West Germanic *kundi, from *kund-, oblique stem of Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from *ǵn̥h₁-t-, oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Compare kyn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kyndes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynden",
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kind",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝekinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "keende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "kuynden",
"pl2_qual": "West Midlands"
},
"expansion": "kynde (plural kyndes or (West Midlands) kuynden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gavelkynde"
},
{
"word": "kyndehede"
},
{
"word": "kyndel"
},
{
"word": "kyndelen"
},
{
"word": "kyndely"
},
{
"word": "mankynde"
},
{
"word": "wommankynde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The intrinsic nature or character of something."
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"intrinsic",
"intrinsic"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The natural instincts or sentiments of humankind."
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"instinct",
"instinct"
],
[
"sentiment",
"sentiment"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
322,
327
]
],
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “vij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:",
"text": "And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede /[…]/ and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"The temperament or personality of a particular creature or person."
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"temperament",
"temperament"
],
[
"personality",
"personality"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"An (especially inherent) attribute, behaviour, or habit"
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent#English"
],
[
"attribute",
"attribute"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"An (especially inherent) attribute, behaviour, or habit:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"Appearance, form, or shape."
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"Appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forme"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Nature, disposition:",
"Constitution, substance, or regenerative capacity."
],
"links": [
[
"Nature",
"nature"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"Constitution",
"constitution"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"regenerative",
"regenerative"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Humankind, humanity."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Humankind",
"humankind"
],
[
"humanity",
"humanity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Sex, gender, or less commonly, that indicative of it (i.e. genitalia or semen)."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Sex",
"sex"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"genitalia",
"genitalia#English"
],
[
"semen",
"semen#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"Grammatical gender."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"living",
"living#English"
],
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"Grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"gender",
"gender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A kind or category (originally only of living beings):",
"(rare, Late Middle English) Grammatical gender."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
41,
49
]
],
"english": "Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “[Dedication]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 3, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Nu broþerr Ƿallꞇ͛. broþerͬ min. Affꞇ͛ þe flæsheſſ kĩde⹎ ⁊ broþerͬ mın ı crıſſtenndom. Þurrh fulluhht⹎ ⁊ þurrh troꟕþe⹎ ⁊ broþerr mın ı ꟑodeſſ huſ […]",
"translation": "Now, Brother Walter, my brother by blood relation and in Christendom, through baptism and faith, and my brother in God's house […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation"
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"One's parents or ancestors; lineage, ancestry."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"parent",
"parent"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"ancestry",
"ancestry"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"One's children or descendants; progeny."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"children",
"children"
],
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
],
[
"progeny",
"progeny"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An ethnic or familial grouping or connection; kin, relation:",
"Inheritance; inherited property or rank."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"familial",
"familial"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"kin",
"kin"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"Inheritance",
"inheritance"
],
[
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kyn"
},
{
"word": "kynrede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The natural universe; nature (often personified)"
],
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkyːnd(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛnd(ə)/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9"
}
],
"word": "kynde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Children",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Gender",
"enm:Genitalia",
"enm:Grammar",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Nature",
"enm:Physiology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kind"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kin'"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kynd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "natural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynde",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English cynde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cynde"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English cynde",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecynd",
"3": "-e",
"id2": "adjectival",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "adjectival suffix"
},
"expansion": "ġecynd + -e (adjectival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English cynde, ġecynde, from cynd, ġecynd + -e (adjectival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kind",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kinde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "i-cunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ikunde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kend",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kende",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "icynde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kynde",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "kyndenesse"
},
{
"word": "unkynde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Innate, intrinsic, intuitive."
],
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Innate",
"innate"
],
[
"intrinsic",
"intrinsic"
],
[
"intuitive",
"intuitive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Native, autochthonous, belonging by birth."
],
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Native",
"native"
],
[
"autochthonous",
"autochthonous"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"birth",
"birth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"Ordained, customary."
],
"links": [
[
"Natural",
"nature"
],
[
"inherent",
"inherent"
],
[
"Ordained",
"ordained"
],
[
"customary",
"customary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Natural, inherent:",
"(rare) Ordained, customary."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Genuine, true, pure:",
"Total, utter, perfect (with a depreciatory noun)"
],
"links": [
[
"Genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"Total",
"total"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"perfect",
"perfect"
],
[
"depreciatory",
"depreciatory#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Genuine, true, pure:",
"Moral, lawful, rightful (usually of an inheritance)"
],
"links": [
[
"Genuine",
"genuine"
],
[
"true",
"true"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
],
[
"Moral",
"moral"
],
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"rightful",
"rightful"
],
[
"inheritance",
"inheritance#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Suitable, appropriate; fit for purpose."
],
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"appropriate",
"appropriate"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Healthy, thriving."
],
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Healthy",
"healthy"
],
[
"thriving",
"thriving"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Close, pleasant, affectionate."
],
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
],
[
"affectionate",
"affectionate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Kind, friendly, generous."
],
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"Kind",
"kind"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"generous",
"generous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Good, beneficial:",
"Behaviourally noble or knightly (i.e. brave, courteous, or loyal)"
],
"links": [
[
"Good",
"good"
],
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"knightly",
"knightly"
],
[
"brave",
"brave#English"
],
[
"courteous",
"courteous#English"
],
[
"loyal",
"loyal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Related; belonging to one's family or people."
],
"links": [
[
"Related",
"related"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Noble, aristocratic."
],
"links": [
[
"Noble",
"noble"
],
[
"aristocratic",
"aristocratic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Noble, aristocratic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkiːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkyːnd(ə)/",
"note": "Southern, West Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeːnd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛnd(ə)/",
"note": "East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent9"
}
],
"word": "kynde"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kynde meaning in Middle English (15.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''An ethnic or familial grouping'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"kynde"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kynde",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.